在政府工作報告和其他各種正式文件中常出現“開展”這一詞語，譯成英語時該如何表達呢？

根據2021年12月發布的《中國的出口管制》白皮書：“開展非政府間交流、學術研究、民間國際交往活動”譯為“have held non-governmental exchanges, conducted academic research, and engaged in international people-to-people interactions”。由此可見，“開展”一詞并非固定與英語的某個詞相對應，而應根據情況靈活選用不同的且合適的英語詞語來表達。

以下再舉幾例說明詞語活用的情形。

例如：

有序開展對外投資合作

carry out outbound investment and international cooperation in a well-regulated way

深入開展航天國際交流合作

carry out in-depth exchanges and cooperation in outer space

例如：

全方位開展中國特色大國外交

conduct major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics on all fronts

開展航天領域人員交流與培訓

conduct personnel exchanges and training in the space industry

例如：

中國將積極開展應對氣候變化國際合作，共同推進經濟社會發展全面綠色轉型。

China will also actively engage in international cooperation on climate and jointly work for a complete transition to a greener economy and society.

例如：

中國深入開展雙邊出口管制、防擴散交流與合作。

China is deeply involved in bilateral exchanges and cooperation on export controls and non-proliferation.

例如：

中國將擔當大國責任，履行國際義務和承諾，開展出口管制交流與合作，同各國一道，推進國際出口管制治理健康發展，為構建人類命運共同體作出積極貢獻。

China will shoulder its due responsibilities as a major country by fulfilling its international obligations and commitments, by participating in exchanges and cooperation on export controls, and by joining forces with all other countries to build sound international export control governance as part of a global community of shared future.

例如：

在全黨開展黨史學習教育

organize Party-wide activities to study Party history

自2007年起，每年7月20日開展“全國特奧日”活動。

Since 2007, China has been organizing activities to popularize National Special Olympics Day, which falls on July 20 every year.

例如：

開展抗擊疫情人民戰爭、總體戰、阻擊戰

launch an all-out people’s war to stop the spread of the virus

廣泛開展全民健身活動

launch extensive public fitness initiatives

例如：

深入開展健康中國行動和愛國衛生運動，倡導文明健康生活方式。

We will further advance the Healthy China Initiative and patriotic health campaigns and promote sound, healthy lifestyles.

例如：

科學開展大規模國土綠化行動

Large-scale greening programs will be rolled out in a well-planned way.

例如：

繼續組織開展“中國航天日”系列活動

continue to hold events to celebrate Space Day of China

開展非政府間交流

hold non-governmental exchanges

例如：

積極開展衛星應急監測和服務

actively provide satellite emergency monitoring services

*文中所用圖片均源于網絡